Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to protect dogs and cats against many infectious diseases, some of which can be serious or even fatal. Thanks to vaccination programmes implemented over several decades, certain diseases that were once common are now much rarer. However, they have not disappeared and continue to pose a threat to our pets.
Vaccination works by stimulating the immune system so that it is able to recognise and quickly fight an infectious agent if the animal is exposed to it in the future. This mechanism considerably reduces the risk of developing disease and can also help limit its severity if infection occurs.
In dogs, so-called “core” vaccines provide protection against diseases including canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis and parvovirus. These viral diseases are highly contagious and can lead to serious complications, particularly in puppies. Depending on the animal's lifestyle, other vaccines may be recommended against leptospirosis, kennel cough or rabies, which is mandatory in certain circumstances, such as international travel.
In cats, core vaccines mainly cover feline panleukopenia and cat flu, while vaccination against feline leukaemia may also be recommended depending on the risk of exposure. Even cats that live exclusively indoors may be exposed to certain infectious agents indirectly carried through their environment or by their owners.
The vaccination schedule generally begins early in life, with several injections designed to provide optimal protection despite the possible presence of maternal antibodies. Once the initial vaccination course has been completed, regular booster vaccinations help maintain effective immunity throughout the animal's life.
Contrary to some common misconceptions, vaccination does not only protect the vaccinated animal. It also helps limit the circulation of infectious agents within the animal population, thereby contributing to genuine collective protection.
Today's vaccines are subject to strict controls regarding their safety, quality and effectiveness. Side effects are generally mild and temporary, most often limited to slight tiredness or temporary tenderness at the injection site. The benefits provided by vaccination greatly outweigh the potential risks.
In addition to protecting against infectious diseases, vaccination appointments are also an excellent opportunity to carry out a regular health check. The veterinarian can monitor the animal's development, detect certain diseases at an early stage and advise owners on prevention, nutrition and appropriate care at every stage of life.
Vaccination remains one of the pillars of preventive medicine today. By following the vaccination schedule recommended by their veterinarian, owners give their pet the best possible chance of remaining healthy and enjoying a long and active life.
